| ZO 492 | External Learning Experience | UNITS: 1-6 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Sophomore standing |
| A learning experience in agriculture and life sciences within an academic framework that utilizes facilities and resources which are external to the campus. Contact and arrangements with prospective employers must be initiated by student and approved by a faculty adviser, the prospective employer and the departmental teaching coordinator prior to the experience. |
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| ZO 493 | Special Problems/Research Exploration | UNITS: 1-6 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Sophomore standing |
| A learning experience in agriculture and life sciences within an academic framework that utilizes campus facilities and resources. Contact and arrangements with prospective employers must be initiated by student and approved by a faculty adviser, the prospective employer, the departmental teaching coordinator prior to the experience. |
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| ZO 495 | Special Topics in Zoology | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Offered as needed for development of new courses in various areas of zoology. |
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| ZO 501 | Ornithology | UNITS: 4 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 150 or ZO 250; BO 360 or ZO 260 |
| The biology of birds. Lecture topics include evolution, functional morphology, physiology, ecology and behavior. Field and museum laboratories emphasize particular aspects of morphology, ecology and behavior, as well as taxonomy and identification.One coastal weekend field trip required. |
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| ZO (PHY) 503 | General Physiology I | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: Senior standing or Graduate standing, the following courses are recommended: ZO 421, BCH 451, a yr. of physics |
| Discussion of general principles of homeostasis, emphasizing importance of integrative action. Following systems studied: muscular, cardiovascular and nervous systems. |
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| ZO (PHY) 504 | General Physiology II | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: PHY (ZO) 503 |
| Discussion of general principles of homeostasis, emphasizing importance of integrative action. Following systems studied: alimentary, renal, respiratory and endocrine systems. |
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| ZO 508 | Brain, Sex and Gender | UNITS: 3 |
| Prerequisite: ZO 250 (ZO 488 or PSY 430 recommended) |
| This course explores the intersection of neurobiology with contemporary gender theory to examine theory and research about the empirical bases, social meanings, and cultural implications of sex differences in neurobiological structure and function. |
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| ZO (ENT) 509 | Ecology Of Stream Invertebrates | UNITS: 4 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 150 or ZO 402, BO 360 or ZO 260 |
| Introduction to stream ecology and analysis of animal communities. Lectures cover community structure and function, life histories of dominant animals, sampling design and techniques and responses to pollution. Laboratory exercises include field collections, identification of animals and quantitative research techniques. A personal collection of animals and a weekend field trip to mountain streams required. |
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| ZO 512 | Animal Symbiosis | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: 12 hrs. of biology and zoology |
| Symbiotic associations of animals including mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. The morphological, physiological, behavioral and ecological adaptations of symbionts and the complex interactions between partner species. |
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| ZO 513 | Comparative Physiology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 421 |
| Comparative study of the organ systems of vertebrates and physiological processes involved in maintaining homeostatic state. Various compensatory mechanisms employed during environmental stress included. |
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| ZO (FW) 515 | Fish Physiology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: GN 411, ZO 420, 421, 441 |
| The biology of fishes: physiology, anatomy, endocrinology, behavior and genetics. Designed especially for graduate students in fisheries. Several trips to research laboratories taken. |
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| ZO (BIO) 518 | Experience and the Brain | UNITS: 3 |
| This seminar considers how an individual's behavioral interactions with the world (i.e., experience) can alter the structure and/or function of the adult brain. Emphasis will be on reading and critically discussing the primary research literature. |
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| ZO 519 | Limnology | UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: Graduate standing |
| Structure and function of lakes and ponds, including physical, chemical and biological controls of productivity and species composition of aquatic plants and animals and effects of pollution on water quality. One local weekend field trip required.Credit in both ZO 419 and ZO 519 is not allowed. |
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| ZO 522 | Biological Clocks | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: Graduate standing |
| The anatomy, physiology and development of biological clocks in a variety of organisms, including humans. Required readings in primary literature. |
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| ZO (PHY) (PO) 524 | Comparative Endocrinology | UNITS: 4 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 421 |
| Basic concepts of endocrinology, including functions of major endocrine glands involved in processes of growth, metabolism and reproduction. |
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| ZO 542 | Herpetology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 250 and ZO 421 |
| The biology of the amphibians and reptiles: systematics, life history, anatomy, behavior, physiology and ecology. |
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| ZO 544 | Mammalogy | UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: BIO 250 |
| The biology of mammals: evolution, functional morphology, reproduction, behavior, ecology, population biology, classification and identification. One weekend field trip planned. |
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| ZO (MEA) 549 | Principles of Biological Oceanography | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: BIO 181 |
| Environmental dependencies, biological productivity, and trophic relationships in plankton, nekton and benthos; Sampling methods and experimental design; Human impacts on marine systems.Credit is not allowed for both MEA 449 and MEA(ZO)549. |
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| ZO (FW) 553 | Principles Of Wildlife Science | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: BIO 260 or PB 360 |
| The principles of wildlife management and their application studied in the laboratory and in the field. |
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| ZO (FW) 554 | Wildlife Field Studies | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 553, ST 311 |
| Field application of methods for studying vertebrate wildlife populations; sampling methods, data gathering, analysis and interpretation of results practiced. Participation in field laboratories and one or two weekend field trips required. |
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| ZO 555 | Protozoology | UNITS: 4 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| The biology of the Protozoa: lectures including morphology, physiology, ecology, genetics, reproduction, evolution, systematics and life-cycles of both free-living and parasitic taxa; laboratory stressing recognition of selected forms and demonstrate techniques used to prepare specimens for microscopic examination. |
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| ZO 581 | Helminthology | UNITS: 4 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 250, ZO 315 |
| The morphology, biology and control of parasitic helminths. |
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| ZO (ENT) 582 | Medical and Veterinary Entomology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ENT 425 and ZO 315 |
| The morphology, taxonomy, biology and control of the arthropod parasites and disease vectors of man and animals. The ecology and behavior of vectors in relation to disease transmission and control. |
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| ZO (FW) 586 | Aquaculture I | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: BO 360, Senior standing or Graduate standing |
| Biological and general principles of aquaculture. Emphasis on the present status of aquaculture, species involved, techniques employed, and problems encountered. Discussion of recent advances in research and development and identification of areas of future research and development. |
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| ZO (FW) 587 | Aquaculture I Laboratory | UNITS: 1 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: BO 360 or ZO 260, Senior standing or Graduate standing, Corequisite: ZO 586 |
| Methods and techniques of cultivating aquatic organisms. Field trips and reports on local hatcheries and facilities required. (Three to four overnight field trips taken on week days to coastal areas, state hatcheries, and private hatcheries; students responsible for shared room costs and their meals. Four field trips also taken on laboratory day within driving range of Raleigh.) |
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| ZO 588 | Neurobiology | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 250, For ZO 588, Graduate standing |
| Overview of the neurosciences, with a focus on fundamental principles in the function, structure, and development of the nervous system. Topics include neuroanatomy, electrical signaling, synaptic transmission, sensory and motor systems, neural development, neural plasticity, and complex brain function. Multiple levels of anaylsis, from molecular to behavioral, with an emphasis on the mammalian nervous system.Students may not receive credit for both ZO 488 and ZO 588 |
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| ZO 592 | Topical Problems | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic. |
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| ZO 601 | Seminar | UNITS: 1 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| The presentation and defense of original research and current literature. |
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| ZO (ANS) (CBS) (PHY) 602 | Seminar In Biology Of Reproduction | UNITS: 2 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ANS(PHY) 702 |
| Current topics in animal reproduction presented by reproductive physiologists from various Research Triangle institutions. Student presentations of research projects or library projects in area of animal reproduction. |
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| ZO 603 | Aquatic Ecology Seminar | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Senior standing or Graduate standing or PBS status, one course in aquatic, marine or fisheries areas |
| Presentations and discussions of recent research and topical issues in aquatic and marine sciences. Each student enrolled for credit must make at least one presentation. |
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| ZO 624 | Topical Problems | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic. |
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| ZO 631 | Special Topics | UNITS: 1-6 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Twelve hours ZO |
| A directed individual investigation of a particular problem in zoology, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature. A maximum of three hours allowed toward master's degree. |
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| ZO 660 | Population Ecology | UNITS: 3 |
| Prerequisite: BO 360 or ZO 260 and ST 511 |
| Dynamics of natural populations. Current work, theories and problems dealing with population growth, fluctuation, limitation and patterns of dispersion, species interactions, community structure and ecological genetics. |
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| ZO 685 | Master's Supervised Teaching | UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment. |
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| ZO 688 | Non-Thesis Masters Continuous Registration - Half Time Registration | UNITS: 1 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain half-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc. |
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| ZO 689 | Non-Thesis Master Continuous Registration - Full Time Registration | UNITS: 3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain full-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc. Students may register for this course a maximum of one semester. |
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| ZO 690 | Master's Examination | UNITS: 1-6 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| For students in non thesis master's programs who have completed all other requirements of the degree except preparing for and taking the final master's exam. |
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| ZO 693 | Master's Supervised Research | UNITS: 1-9 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty. |
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| ZO 695 | Master's Thesis Research | UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| Thesis research. |
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| ZO 696 | Summer Thesis Research | UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer |
| Prerequisite: Master's student |
| For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research. |
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| ZO 699 | Research In Zoology | UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Twelve semester credits in ZO |
| Credits Arranged. |
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| ZO 710 | Sampling Animal Populations | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: ST 512 |
| Statistical methods applicable to sampling of wildlife populations, including capture-recapture, removal, change in ratio, quadrant and line transect sampling. Emphasis on model assumptions and study design. |
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| ZO 714 | Advanced Cell Biology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO (BO) 414 |
| The current problems of cell biology including the problems of molecular organization and functions of membrane systems, subcellular organelles and specialized cells. |
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| ZO 718 | Community Ecology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: BO 360 or ZO 260, BO(ZO) 760; BO(ZO) 365 |
| Animal community structure and function. Effects of competition, predation, coevolution and disturbance on community composition. Emphasis on ecological and evolutionary controversies from empirical and theoretical approaches. |
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| ZO 721 | Fishery Science | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: ST 511, ZO 420, a course in calculus |
| An analysis of fishery research methods. Population enumeration and dynamics. The relationship between fluctuations in natural populations and environmental factors. |
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| ZO (FW) 726 | Quantitative Fisheries Management | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: ST 501 and ZO 420 |
| Current methods for assessment and management of exploited fish populations, including sampling methods, data analysis and modeling. A required research paper or project. |
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| ZO (GN) 740 | Evolutionary Genetics | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: GN 703 |
| Genetic basis of evolution. Molecular evolution, molecular population genetics, evolutionary genetics of quantitative characters and the genetics of speciation. Critical reading of original research publications and student seminars. |
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| ZO (MEA) 750 | Marine Benthic Ecology | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Marine benthic systems in deep sea and in shallow waters, focusing upon abiotic and biotic processes regulating density, diversity and taxonomic and functional composition. Discussions of benthic-pelagic coupling, predation, interspecific competition, biogeography, sampling problems, evolutionary trends, trophic structure and community organization. |
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| ZO (MEA) 754 | Advances In Marine Community Ecology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Current research and biological and physical processes structuring shallow and deep water benthic communities. Recent research on competition, predation, disturbance, succession, animal-sediment-flow interactions, life history tactics and experimental design in marine benthic biology. Student discussion of current issues and critique of recent papers. |
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| ZO (MEA) 756 | Ecology Of Fishes | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Physiological ecology of fishes emphasizing energetics, production and adaptations to aquatic mediums. Ecological classification of fishes and theory of resource partitioning in freshwater, estuarine and marine realms. |
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| ZO (PB) 760 | Principles Of Ecology | UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: Three semesters of college-level biology courses |
| A consideration of principles of ecology at graduate level. Each of the major subject areas of ecology developed in sufficient depth to provide a factual and philosophical framework for the understanding of ecology. |
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| ZO (PB) 770 | Advanced Topics In Ecology I | UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Development of subject matter in major fields of ecology through seminars and lectures and principles illustrated by laboratory exercises and field trips. Microenvironment, population biology, community ecology, ecosystems and nutrient cycling. |
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| ZO 784 | Advanced Topics In the Study Of Mammals | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 544 |
| Current topics in the study of mammals with concentration each year on a different topic, such as community ecology, population biology, evolution or functional morphology. Student research projects required. |
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| ZO 789 | Advanced Limnology | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ZO 419 |
| Recent topics in limnological research. Lectures and discussion draw from journal articles on physical, chemical and biological aspects, including nutrient control of productivity, predator control of community structure and determinants of water quality. A research paper or project required. |
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| ZO 790 | Special Topics | UNITS: 1-3 |
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| ZO 791 | Topics In Animal Behavior | UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Fall Only |
| Prerequisite: Graduate standing |
| Intensive examination of selected aspects of animal behavior and their relationship to physiology, ecology and other biological fields. May be repeated for credit when topic changes. |
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| ZO 792 | Topical Problems | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic. |
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| ZO (ANS) (CBS) (PHY) 802 | Seminar In Biology Of Reproduction | UNITS: 2 - Offered in Spring Only |
| Prerequisite: ANS(PHY) 702 |
| Current topics in animal reproduction presented by reproductive physiologists from various Research Triangle institutions. Student presentations of research projects or library projects in area of animal reproduction. |
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| ZO 804 | Seminar In Evolutionary Biology | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Seminar exploring current concepts and issues in evolutionary aspects of animal behavior, ecology and population biology. Topic varies, may be repeated for credit when topic changes. Format may be reading and discussing important new books, current journal articles or classic papers. Intended primarily as forum for interaction of students in this area of zoology but open to others.Credits Arranged. |
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| ZO 824 | Topical Problems | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic. |
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| ZO 829 | Special Topics | UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Twelve hours ZO |
| A directed individual investigation of a particular problem in zoology, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature. A maximum of three hours allowed toward master's degree. |
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| ZO 831 | Special Topics | UNITS: 1-6 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring |
| Prerequisite: Twelve hours ZO |
| A directed individual investigation of a particular problem in zoology, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature. A maximum of three hours allowed toward master's degree. |
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| ZO 885 | Doctoral Supervised Teaching | UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Doctoral student |
| Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment. |
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| ZO 890 | Doctoral Preliminary Examination | UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Doctoral student |
| For student who are preparing for and taking written and/or oral preliminary exams. |
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| ZO 893 | Doctoral Supervised Research | UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Doctoral student |
| Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty. |
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| ZO 895 | Doctoral Dissertation Research | UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Doctoral student |
| Dissertation research |
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| ZO 896 | Summer Dissertation Research | UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer |
| Prerequisite: Doctoral student |
| For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research. |
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| ZO 899 | Doctoral Dissertation Preparation | UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer |
| Prerequisite: Doctoral student |
| For students who have completed all credit hour, full-time enrollment, preliminary examination, and residency requirements for the doctoral degree, and are writing and defending their dissertations. |