ZOOLOGY - ZO

ZO 150Animal Diversity4(3-3-0)
Classification of animals, macroevolution, systematics, and phylogeny, including relationship to other kingdoms. Patterns of diversifications in body design and relationship between body design and environment, with emphasis on invertebrate animals. Study selected animal assemblages.
Course Offerings: fall sprg WolfWare Info


ZO (BIO) 160Introduction to Cellular and Developmental Zoology4(3-3-0) S,Sum
Basic concepts and principles of cellular and developmental zoology with emphasis on the physical basis of life, the cell as the fundamental unit of life and the mechanisms involved in the development of multicellular animals.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 212Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology4(3-3-0) F,Sum
Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 183 or ZO 150 or ZO 160
Major emphasis on structure and function of the muscular, skeletal, circulatory and nervous systems of humans.
Course Offerings: fall sum1 WolfWare Info


ZO (MEA) 220Marine Biology3(3-0-0)
Preq: MEA 200 or BIO 125
Introduction to marine plants and animals, their adaptations to life in the sea and ecological interactions in selected marine environments (e.g. coral reefs, deep sea, salt marshes). Interactions of man with the sea: food from the seas, biology of diving. Optional trip.
Course Offerings: sprg


ZO (FOR) (FW) 221Conservation of Natural Resources3(3-0-0) F,S,Sum
Importance of natural resources and their role in human environment. Physical, biological and ecological principles underlying sustainability of natural resources with attention to consequences of human impacts while meeting society needs.


ZO 250Animal Anatomy and Physiology4(3-3-0)
Preq: ZO 150 and (ZO 160 or BIO 125 or BIO 183)
Roles of physical laws, environmental challenges, and evolutionary history in shaping animal structure and function. Selected examples from invertebrates and vertebrates. Laboratory in anatomy and physiology, hypothesis generation and testing and data analysis and presentation.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO 260Evolution, Behavior, and Ecology4(3-3-0) S
Preq: ZO 150 or BIO 183
Principles of evolution, animal behavior, and ecology. Mechanisms of microevolution and speciation, modes, and variation in animal behavior, and population, community, and ecosystem level processes. Methodology and logic of evolution, behavior andecology and applications to conservation and management issues.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 295Special Topics in Zoology1-4
Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 183 or ZO 150 or ZO 160
Experimental offerings in Zoology.


ZO 315General Parasitology3(2-3-0) S
Preq: ZO 150 or ZO 160 or BIO 125 or BIO 183
General principles of parasitic symbiosis. Emphasis on life cycles, epidemiology, and pathology of major parasites of humans and domestic animals.


ZO (FW) 353Wildlife Management3(3-0-0) F
Preq: ZO 150
Historical development of Wildlife Management from anecdotal, observational practices to modern, scientific approaches used around the world. Principles of population analysis, management, protection and conservation of animals, particularly those of conservation, aesthetic, sport or food values in urban, rural and wilderness areas. Ethics of hunting and trapping. Contradictory objectives challenging modern wildlife managers.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO 361Principles of Embryonic Development3(3-0-0) S
Preq: ZO 150 or ZO 160 or BIO 125 or BIO 183
An integrated study of descriptive and experimental embryology. Development of both invertebrates and vertebrates at levels of organization from molecular to organismal.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 370Developmental Anatomy of the Vertebrates3(3-0-0) S
Preq: BIO 181 or ZO 150
An integrated study of the functional anatomy, phylogeny, and embryonic development of organ systems in vertebrate animals.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 375Developmental Anatomy Laboratory2(0-4-0) S
Preq: BIO 181 or ZO 150
A hands-on study of embryonic development and organ systems in vertebrate animals, utilizing microscopic examination of living and preserved embryos, demonstrations of skeletons and mammalian organs, and dissections of preserved shark, salamander, and mink.
Course Offerings: sprg


ZO 402Invertebrate Zoology2(2-0-0) S, even yrs
Preq: ZO 150
Survey of invertebrate phyla, excluding the Protista, emphasizing their functional biology.
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ZO 403Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory2(0-6-0) S,Alt. yrs.(even)
Preq: ZO 150
Examination of living and preserved invertebrates to study their distinguishing characteristics and to observe anatomical modifications for function.
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ZO 405Functional Histology3(3-0-0) Sum
Preq: BIO 183 or ZO 150 and ZO 160, Junior standing or Senior standing
Offered only as a distance education course via the internet. Functional Histology describes the cellular structure of tissues and organs. Human organs are emphasized, with brief consideration given to variation in other mammals. Tissue and organstructure is related to function, including examples of malfunction (histopathology). The course is especially appropriate for students planning a career in veterinary science, medicine, or allied health fields. Credit not allowed for both ZO 371 and ZO 405. Offered by distance education only.
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ZO 410Introduction to Animal Behavior3(3-0-0) F
Preq: ZO 150 or ZO 260
Studies of animal behavior in vertebrates and invertebrates including physiological mechanisms and adaptive significance.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO 412Human Anatomy4(3-3-0) S
Preq: BIO 183 or ZO 250, and Junior standing or Senior standing
Study of the structure of the human body, utilizing a systems approach. Focus on gross anatomy, with reference to microanatomy and embryonic development as needed to understand gross morphology. Emphasis on the interrelationship of structure and function. Laboratory study facilitated through use of human skeletons, anatomical models, and electronic media as well as dissection of mammalian systems and selected organs.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO (BO) 414Cell Biology3(3-0-0) S
Preq: ZO 160 or ZO 250 or BIO 125 or BIO 183
The chemical and physical bases of cellular structure and function with emphasis on methods and interpretations.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 419Limnology4(3-3-0) F
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260
Structure and function of lakes and ponds, including physical, chemical and biological controls of productivity and species composition of aquatic plants and animals, and effects of pollution on water quality. One local weekend field trip is required.Credit in both ZO 419 and ZO 519 is not allowed
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ZO (FW) 420Introduction to Fisheries Science3(3-0-0) F
Preq: ZO 150
Coreq: ZO 260 or BO 360
Role of fish in aquatic ecosystems, fish biology, fish ecology, fisheries management and conservation. Emphasis on aquatic ecosystems and food webs, life history and ecology of important sport and commercial fishes, population and community dynamics, and theory and practice of fisheries management and conservation. Case studies from freshwater, estuarine and marine systems.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 421Principles of Physiology3(3-0-0) F,S,Sum
Preq: CH 223, ZO 250
A comprehensive survey of the processes involved in the function of specialized cells, tissues and organ systems. Emphasis on basic concepts with orientation toward mammalian and human systems
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 422Biological Clocks3(3-0-0) S
Preq: ZO 250
Coreq: Credit in both ZO 422 and ZO 522 is not allowed
The anatomy, physiology, and development of biological clocks in a variety of organisms, including humans.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO (FW) 423Introduction to Fisheries Sciences Laboratory1(0-3-0) F
Coreq: FW (ZO) 420
General anatomy and identification of common freshwater, estuarine and marine fish, functional morphology, age and growth analyses, fish health and diets. Computer analyses of bioenergetic and population dynamics.
Course Offerings: sprg


ZO (ENT) 425General Entomology3(2-3-0) F,Sum
Preq: ZO 150
Explores the science of entomology by focusing on the basic principles of systematics, morphology, physiology, development, behavior, ecology, and control of insects. Field trips provide opportunities to collect insects and study their adaptations to a wide variety of natural environments.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO (FW) 430Fisheries and Wildlife Administration3(3-0-0) S
Preq: PS 201, PS 202; FW (ZO) 420, FW (ZO) 353
Describes and compares the administrative structures and programs of federal and state fish and wildlife agencies and develops an understanding of the basis on which these agencies function. Evaluates the interrelationships that fisheries-wildlife professionals, special interest groups, public agencies and legislative bodies play in resource management programs.


ZO 441Biology of Fishes3(3-0-0) F
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260
Behavior, evolution, physiology and ecology of fishes, emphasizing their adaptations for life in streams, lakes, and oceans.
Course Offerings: sprg


ZO 442Biology of Fishes Laboratory1(0-3-0) F
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260
Coreq: ZO 441
Field and laboratory exercises with the common fish species and communities of North Carolina. Field trips to local streams and lakes plus weekend trips to coastal, estuarine, and mountain habitats.
Course Offerings: sprg


ZO (MEA) 449Principles of Biological Oceanography3(3-0-0) F
Preq: BIO 181
Biological productivity and trophic relationships in plankton, nekton and benthos; community ecology of selected habitats (estuaries, intertidal zones, coral reefs, deep sea); and adaptation of organisms to the marine environment.Credit is not allowed for both MEA(ZO)449 and MEA(ZO)549


ZO 450Evolutionary Biology3(3-0-0) F
Preq: ZO 205, ZO 208. GN 411 recommended.
Principles and patterns of organic evolution. Origin of life, patterns of genetic variability within populations; adaptations, natural selection, and the formation of species. The living world as an historical process governed by diverse principles of organization.
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ZO 460Aquatic Natural History Laboratory2(0-4-0) S
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260
Field and laboratory study of taxonomy and environmental adaptations of freshwater protists, plants, and animals. Ecology of principle freshwater ecosystems, effects of pollution, and examples of conservation. Establishment of freshwater aquarium with local organisms. Weekend field trips required


ZO 480Laboratory Techniques in Cellular Biology3(1-6-0) F,S
Preq: ZO 160 or BIO 125 or BIO 183 and CH 223
Selected laboratory techniques in modern biological research including immunochemistry, animal cell culture, light microscopy, and detection and isolation of recombinant proteins.


ZO 488Neurobiology3(3-0-0) F
Preq: ZO 250
Overview of the neurosciences, with a focus on fundamental principles in the function, structure, and development of the nervous system. Topics include neuroanatomy, electrical signaling, synaptic transmission, sensory and motor systems, neural development, neural plasticity, and complex brain functions. Multiple levels of analysis, from molecular to behavioral, with an emphasis on the mammalian nervous system.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO 492External Learning Experience1-6 F,S
Preq: Sophomore standing
A learning experience in agriculture and life sciences within an academic framework that utilizes facilities and resources which are external to the campus. Contact and arrangements with prospective employers must be initiated by student and approved by a faculty adviser, the prospective employer and the departmental teaching coordinator prior to the experience.
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg


ZO 493Special Problems/Research Exploration1-6 F,S
Preq: Sophomore standing
A learning experience in agriculture and life sciences within an academic framework that utilizes campus facilities and resources. Contact and arrangements with prospective employers must be initiated by student and approved by a faculty adviser, the prospective employer, the departmental teaching coordinator prior to the experience.
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg


ZO 495Special Topics in Zoology1-3 F,S
Offered as needed for development of new courses in various areas of zoology.
Course Offerings: fall sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 501Ornithology4(2-6-0) S,(ALTYREVEN)
Preq: ZO 150 or ZO 250; BO 360 or ZO 260
The biology of birds. Lecture topics include evolution, functional morphology, physiology, ecology and behavior. Field and museum laboratories emphasize particular aspects of morphology, ecology and behavior, as well as taxonomy and identification.One coastal weekend field trip required.


ZO (PHY) 503General Physiology I3(3-0-0) F
Preq: Senior standing or Graduate standing, the following courses are recommended: ZO 421, BCH 451, a yr. of physics
Discussion of general principles of homeostasis, emphasizing importance of integrative action. Following systems studied: muscular, cardiovascular and nervous systems.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO (PHY) 504General Physiology II3(3-0-0) S
Preq: PHY (ZO) 503
Discussion of general principles of homeostasis, emphasizing importance of integrative action. Following systems studied: alimentary, renal, respiratory and endocrine systems.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 508Brain, Sex and Gender3(3-0-0) S (Alt. Yr. Odd)
Preq: ZO 250 (ZO 488 or PSY 430 recommended), Consent of instructors
This course explores the intersection of neurobiology with contemporary gender theory to examine theory and research about the empirical bases, social meanings, and cultural implications of sex differences in neurobiological structure and function.
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ZO (ENT) 509Ecology Of Stream Invertebrates4(2-6-0) S, Odd yrs
Preq: ZO 150 or ZO 402, BO 360 or ZO 260
Introduction to stream ecology and analysis of animal communities. Lectures cover community structure and function, life histories of dominant animals, sampling design and techniques and responses to pollution. Laboratory exercises include field collections, identification of animals and quantitative research techniques. A personal collection of animals and a weekend field trip to mountain streams required.


ZO 512Animal Symbiosis3(3-0-0) S Odd Yrs
Preq: 12 hrs. of biology and zoology
Symbiotic associations of animals including mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. The morphological, physiological, behavioral and ecological adaptations of symbionts and the complex interactions between partner species.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO 513Comparative Physiology3(3-0-0) F Odd Yrs
Preq: ZO 421
Comparative study of the organ systems of vertebrates and physiological processes involved in maintaining homeostatic state. Various compensatory mechanisms employed during environmental stress included.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO (FW) 515Fish Physiology3(2-3-0) F, Odd yrs
Preq: GN 411, ZO 420, 421, 441
The biology of fishes: physiology, anatomy, endocrinology, behavior and genetics. Designed especially for graduate students in fisheries. Several trips to research laboratories taken.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO 519Limnology4(3-3-0) F
Preq: Graduate standing and Consent of Instructor
Structure and function of lakes and ponds, including physical, chemical and biological controls of productivity and species composition of aquatic plants and animals and effects of pollution on water quality. One local weekend field trip required.Credit in both ZO 419 and ZO 519 is not allowed.
WolfWare Info


ZO 522Biological Clocks3(3-0-0) S
Preq: Graduate standing
The anatomy, physiology and development of biological clocks in a variety of organisms, including humans. Required readings in primary literature.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO (PHY) (PO) 524Comparative Endocrinology4(3-3-0) S
Preq: ZO 421
Basic concepts of endocrinology, including functions of major endocrine glands involved in processes of growth, metabolism and reproduction.
Course Offerings: sprg


ZO 542Herpetology3(2-3-0) S, Even yrs
Preq: ZO 250 and ZO 421
The biology of the amphibians and reptiles: systematics, life history, anatomy, behavior, physiology and ecology.
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ZO 544Mammalogy4(3-3-0) F
Preq: ZO 250
The biology of mammals: evolution, functional morphology, reproduction, behavior, ecology, population biology, classification and identification. One weekend field trip planned.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO (MEA) 549Principles of Biological Oceanography3(3-0-0) F
Preq: BIO 181
Environmental dependencies, biological productivity, and trophic relationships in plankton, nekton and benthos; Sampling methods and experimental design; Human impacts on marine systems.Credit is not allowed for both MEA 449 and MEA(ZO)549.


ZO (FW) 553Principles Of Wildlife Science3(2-3-0) F
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260
The principles of wildlife management and their application studied in the laboratory and in the field.


ZO (FW) 554Wildlife Field Studies3(2-3-0) S, Odd yrs
Preq: ZO 553, ST 311, Consent of Instructor
Field application of methods for studying vertebrate wildlife populations; sampling methods, data gathering, analysis and interpretation of results practiced. Participation in field laboratories and one or two weekend field trips required.


ZO (MB) 555Protozoology4(2-6-0) S, Odd yrs
Preq: Consent of Instructor
The biology of the Protozoa: lectures including morphology, physiology, ecology, genetics, reproduction, evolution, systematics and life-cycles of both free-living and parasitic taxa; laboratory stressing recognition of selected forms and demonstrate techniques used to prepare specimens for microscopic examination.


ZO 581Helminthology4(2-4-0) F, Odd yrs
Preq: ZO 250, ZO 315
The morphology, biology and control of parasitic helminths.


ZO (ENT) 582Medical and Veterinary Entomology3(2-3-0) S, Alt. Yrs.
Preq: ENT 425 and ZO 315
The morphology, taxonomy, biology and control of the arthropod parasites and disease vectors of man and animals. The ecology and behavior of vectors in relation to disease transmission and control.


ZO (FW) 586Aquaculture I3(3-0-0) F, Even yrs
Preq: BO 360, Senior standing or Graduate standing
Biological and general principles of aquaculture. Emphasis on the present status of aquaculture, species involved, techniques employed, and problems encountered. Discussion of recent advances in research and development and identification of areas of future research and development.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO (FW) 587Aquaculture I Laboratory1(0-3-0) F,Even yrs
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260, Senior standing or Graduate standing
Coreq: ZO 586
Methods and techniques of cultivating aquatic organisms. Field trips and reports on local hatcheries and facilities required. (Three to four overnight field trips taken on week days to coastal areas, state hatcheries, and private hatcheries; students responsible for shared room costs and their meals. Four field trips also taken on laboratory day within driving range of Raleigh.)
Course Offerings: fall


ZO 588Neurobiology3(3-0-0) F
Preq: ZO 250, For ZO 588, Graduate standing
Overview of the neurosciences, with a focus on fundamental principles in the function, structure, and development of the nervous system. Topics include neuroanatomy, electrical signaling, synaptic transmission, sensory and motor systems, neural development, neural plasticity, and complex brain function. Multiple levels of anaylsis, from molecular to behavioral, with an emphasis on the mammalian nervous system.Students may not receive credit for both ZO 488 and ZO 588
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO 592Topical Problems1-3 F,S,Sum
Preq: Consent of Instructor
Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 601Seminar1(1-0-0) F, S, Sum
The presentation and defense of original research and current literature.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO (ANS) (CBS) (PHY) 602Seminar In Biology Of Reproduction2(2-0-0) S
Preq: ANS(PHY) 702
Current topics in animal reproduction presented by reproductive physiologists from various Research Triangle institutions. Student presentations of research projects or library projects in area of animal reproduction.


ZO 603Aquatic Ecology Seminar1-3 F, S
Preq: Senior standing or Graduate standing or PBS status, one course in aquatic, marine or fisheries areas
Presentations and discussions of recent research and topical issues in aquatic and marine sciences. Each student enrolled for credit must make at least one presentation.
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ZO (MEA) 624Topical Problems1-3 F, S
Preq: Consent of Instructor
Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 631Special Topics1-6 F, S, Sum
Preq: Twelve hours ZO, Consent of Instructor
A directed individual investigation of a particular problem in zoology, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature. A maximum of three hours allowed toward master's degree.
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg


ZO (BO) 660Population Ecology3(3-0-0)
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260 and ST 511
Dynamics of natural populations. Current work, theories and problems dealing with population growth, fluctuation, limitation and patterns of dispersion, species interactions, community structure and ecological genetics.


ZO 685Master's Supervised Teaching1-3 F, S, Sum
Preq: Master's student
Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 688Non-Thesis Masters Continuous Registration - Half Time Registration1(1-0-0) F,S,Sum
Preq: Master's student
For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain half-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 689Non-Thesis Master Continuous Registration - Full Time Registration3(3-0-0) F,S,Sum
Preq: Master's student
For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain full-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc. Students may register for this course a maximum of one semester.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 690Master's Examination1-6 F, S, Sum
Preq: Master's student
For students in non thesis master's programs who have completed all other requirements of the degree except preparing for and taking the final master's exam.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 693Master's Supervised Research1-9 F,S
Preq: Master's student
Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty.


ZO 695Master's Thesis Research1-9 F,S
Preq: Master's student
Thesis research.
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg


ZO 696Summer Thesis Research1(1-0-0) Sum
Preq: Master's student
For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research.
Course Offerings: sum1


ZO 699Research In Zoology1-3 F, S, Sum
Preq: Twelve semester credits in ZO and Consent of Instructor
Credits Arranged.
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg


ZO (ST) 710Sampling Animal Populations3(3-0-0) F, Alt yrs
Preq: ST 512
Statistical methods applicable to sampling of wildlife populations, including capture-recapture, removal, change in ratio, quadrant and line transect sampling. Emphasis on model assumptions and study design.


ZO 714Advanced Cell Biology3(3-0-0) S, Even yrs
Preq: ZO (BO) 414
The current problems of cell biology including the problems of molecular organization and functions of membrane systems, subcellular organelles and specialized cells.


ZO 718Community Ecology3(3-0-0) S, Odd yrs
Preq: BO 360 or ZO 260, BO(ZO) 760; BO(ZO) 365
Animal community structure and function. Effects of competition, predation, coevolution and disturbance on community composition. Emphasis on ecological and evolutionary controversies from empirical and theoretical approaches.
Course Offerings: sprg WolfWare Info


ZO 721Fishery Science3(2-3-0) F, Even yrs
Preq: ST 511, ZO 420, a course in calculus
An analysis of fishery research methods. Population enumeration and dynamics. The relationship between fluctuations in natural populations and environmental factors.


ZO (FW) 726Quantitative Fisheries Management3(2-3-0) F, Even yrs
Preq: ST 501 and ZO 420
Current methods for assessment and management of exploited fish populations, including sampling methods, data analysis and modeling. A required research paper or project.
Course Offerings: fall WolfWare Info


ZO (GN) 740Evolutionary Genetics3(3-0-0) F, Alt yrs(even)
Preq: GN 703
Genetic basis of evolution. Molecular evolution, molecular population genetics, evolutionary genetics of quantitative characters and the genetics of speciation. Critical reading of original research publications and student seminars.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO (MEA) 750Marine Benthic Ecology3(3-0-0) S, F
Marine benthic systems in deep sea and in shallow waters, focusing upon abiotic and biotic processes regulating density, diversity and taxonomic and functional composition. Discussions of benthic-pelagic coupling, predation, interspecific competition, biogeography, sampling problems, evolutionary trends, trophic structure and community organization.


ZO (MEA) 754Advances In Marine Community Ecology3(3-0-0) S Alt Yrs
Current research and biological and physical processes structuring shallow and deep water benthic communities. Recent research on competition, predation, disturbance, succession, animal-sediment-flow interactions, life history tactics and experimental design in marine benthic biology. Student discussion of current issues and critique of recent papers.


ZO (MEA) 756Ecology Of Fishes3(3-0-0) F, Odd Yrs.
Physiological ecology of fishes emphasizing energetics, production and adaptations to aquatic mediums. Ecological classification of fishes and theory of resource partitioning in freshwater, estuarine and marine realms.


ZO (PB) 760Principles Of Ecology4(3-3-0) F
Preq: Three semesters of college-level biology courses
A consideration of principles of ecology at graduate level. Each of the major subject areas of ecology developed in sufficient depth to provide a factual and philosophical framework for the understanding of ecology.


ZO (PB) 770Advanced Topics In Ecology I3(3-0-0) S
Development of subject matter in major fields of ecology through seminars and lectures and principles illustrated by laboratory exercises and field trips. Microenvironment, population biology, community ecology, ecosystems and nutrient cycling.


ZO 784Advanced Topics In the Study Of Mammals3(2-3-0) S, Even yrs
Preq: ZO 544
Current topics in the study of mammals with concentration each year on a different topic, such as community ecology, population biology, evolution or functional morphology. Student research projects required.


ZO 789Advanced Limnology3(3-0-0) S Even Yrs
Preq: ZO 419
Recent topics in limnological research. Lectures and discussion draw from journal articles on physical, chemical and biological aspects, including nutrient control of productivity, predator control of community structure and determinants of water quality. A research paper or project required.


ZO 790Special Topics1-3


ZO 791Topics In Animal Behavior3(3-0-0) F, Even yrs
Preq: Graduate standing
Intensive examination of selected aspects of animal behavior and their relationship to physiology, ecology and other biological fields. May be repeated for credit when topic changes.


ZO 792Topical Problems1-3 F,S,Sum
Preq: Consent of Instructor
Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic.


ZO (ANS) (CBS) (PHY) 802Seminar In Biology Of Reproduction2(2-0-0) S
Preq: ANS(PHY) 702
Current topics in animal reproduction presented by reproductive physiologists from various Research Triangle institutions. Student presentations of research projects or library projects in area of animal reproduction.


ZO 804Seminar In Evolutionary Biology1-3 F, S, Sum
Seminar exploring current concepts and issues in evolutionary aspects of animal behavior, ecology and population biology. Topic varies, may be repeated for credit when topic changes. Format may be reading and discussing important new books, current journal articles or classic papers. Intended primarily as forum for interaction of students in this area of zoology but open to others.Credits Arranged.


ZO 824Topical Problems1-3 F, S
Preq: Consent of Instructor
Organized, formal lectures and discussion of a special topic.
Course Offerings: fall


ZO 829Special Topics1-3 F,S
Preq: Twelve hours ZO, Consent of Instructor
A directed individual investigation of a particular problem in zoology, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature. A maximum of three hours allowed toward master's degree.


ZO 831Special Topics1-6 F,S
Preq: Twelve hours ZO, Consent of Instructor
A directed individual investigation of a particular problem in zoology, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature. A maximum of three hours allowed toward master's degree.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 885Doctoral Supervised Teaching1-3 F, S, Sum
Preq: Doctoral student
Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 890Doctoral Preliminary Examination1-9 F, S, Sum
Preq: Doctoral student
For student who are preparing for and taking written and/or oral preliminary exams.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 893Doctoral Supervised Research1-9 F, S, Sum
Preq: Doctoral student
Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty.
Course Offerings: fall sprg


ZO 895Doctoral Dissertation Research1-9 F, S, Sum
Preq: Doctoral student
Dissertation research
Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg


ZO 896Summer Dissertation Research1(1-0-0) Sum
Preq: Doctoral student
For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research.
Course Offerings: sum1


ZO 899Doctoral Dissertation Preparation1-3 F, S, Sum
Preq: Doctoral student
For students who have completed all credit hour, full-time enrollment, preliminary examination, and residency requirements for the doctoral degree, and are writing and defending their dissertations.