| PB 101 | Perspectives on Botany | 1(1-0-0) F |
| Orientation to modern botany, including discussions of historical background, relation to other sciences, the nature of modern subdisciplines, professionalism and ethics, local resources of personnel and facilities, educational opportunities, and career possibilities. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB 102 | Introduction to Research | 1(1-0-0) S |
| Preq: PB 101 |
| Overview of research resources available to students. Methods of access to current information in chosen area of specialty. Interact with several faculty about research opportunities, develop a research proposal. |
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| PB 200 | Plant Life | 4(3-3-0) F,S,Sum |
| An introduction to the structure, processes, and reproduction of higher plants, including the diversity of the plant kingdom and principles of inheritance, ecology, and evolution. Credit cannot be given for both BO 200 and BO 250. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sprg | |
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| PB 213 | Plants and Civilization | 3(3-0-0) S |
| Preq: BIO 125, BIO 105 or PB 200 |
| Economic social, political, religious, and medical roles of plants and plant products in human civilization. Foods, beverages, drugs, fibers, oils, latexes, religious symbols and elements. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB 215 | Medicinal Plants | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: CH 101 and any one of the following courses: BIO 125,BIO 181,PB 200,ZO 150,ZO 160 |
| Plants and their derived pharmaceuticals in Western medicine and in herbal medicine. |
| Course Offerings: fall | |
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| PB 220 | Local Flora | 3(2-2-0) S |
| Preq: BIO 125 or PB 200 |
| Structural terminology of vascular plants, field identification of plant species using popularized field guides, description of plant community types and their soil and topographic features. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB 222 | Kingdom of Fungi | 3(3-0-0) S |
| Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 105 or PB 200 |
| Survey of fungal kingdom. Economical, historical and practical aspects of fungi and their impact on humankind. Mushrooms, molds, mycorrhizae, maladies, and mutualisms. Term paper of students' choice. |
| Course Offerings: fall | WolfWare Info |
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| PB 250 | Plant Biology | 4(3-3-0) F |
| An introduction for Life Science majors to the ecology, structure, function, processes, reproduction and evolution of higher plants. BIO 181 and BIO 183 or BIO 125 ; Students may not receive credit for both BO 200 and BO 250. |
| Course Offerings: fall sprg | |
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| PB 277 | Space Biology | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 105 or PB 200 or ZO 150 or BIO 183 or BAE(BIO) 235 |
| Overview of the biology of plants, animals and humans in the space environment, including gravitational biology, aerospace medicine, search for extraterrestrial life, terraforming and life support. |
| Course Offerings: fall | |
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| PB 295 | Special Topics in Botany | 1-4 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Consent of Instructor |
| Trial offerings of new or experimental courses in Botany at the early undergraduate level. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 321 | Introduction to Whole Plant Physiology | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 181 or BIO 183 or PB 200 or ZO 160; CH 101/102 plus CH 201/202 or CH 220 or CH 221 |
| Physiology of higher plants with emphasis on whole plant aspects including structure-function relationships, water and solute movement, energy sources and needs, plant growth and development, and the impact of plant physiology findings on agriculture. |
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| PB 360 | Introduction to Ecology | 3(3-0-0) F,Sum |
| Preq: A 100-level biology course |
| The science of ecology, including factors which control distribution and population dynamics of organisms, structure and function of biological communities, and energy flow and nutrient cycling in ecosystems; contrasts among the major biomes; and, principles governing ecological responses to global climatic and other environmental changes. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 | |
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| PB 365 | Ecology Laboratory | 1(0-3-0) F,Sum |
| Preq: PB 360 |
| Laboratory coordinated with BO 360 lecture, illustrates basic principles of environmental measurement, data analysis, limiting factors, adaptation, biogeography, succession, populations, communities, ecosystems, and competition and predation by means of field trips and laboratory experiments. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 | |
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| PB 400 | Plant Structure and Diversity | 4(3-3-0) S |
| Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 183 or PB 200 or PB 250 |
| Survey of the structure and diversity of plants. Emphasis on anatomy, including cells, tissue systems, and organs, morphology, evolutionary trends, adaptive strategies, and bases for assumed phylogenetic relationships of fossil as well as living forms. Two one-day weekend field trips. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB 403 | Systematic Botany | 4(3-3-0) F |
| Preq: PB 200, PB 250, BIO 183, Junior standing |
| The course introduces basic and contemporary systematic principles and methods as applied to vascular plants, with emphasis on flowering plants. It covers classification, identification, phylogenetics, and molecular approaches, and surveys important and common plant families representing major groups of vascular plants. |
| Course Offerings: fall | |
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| PB 405 | Wetland Flora | 3(2-3-0) F |
| Preq: PB 200 or PB 250 or PB 403 or FOR 212 |
| Plant morphological terminology and identifications of wetland plants; discussion of wetland flora, plant communities, functions and values of North Carolina wetland types; several one-day weekend field trips required. |
| Course Offerings: fall | |
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| PB 413 | Introductory Plant Anatomy | 4(3-3-0) S |
| Preq: PB 200 |
| Organelles, cells, tissue systems, and organs of flowering plants and selected gymnosperms. Microscope use on fresh, cryostat, and prepared plant sections. Histochemistry of plant cells and tissues. |
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| PB 414 | Cell Biology | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: CH 223, PY 212, ZO 160, or 250 |
| The chemical and physical bases of cellular structure and function with emphasis on methods and interpretations. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB 421 | Plant Physiology | 3(3-0-0) S |
| Preq: BIO 183 or ZO 160, or PB 200 and CH 220 or CH 221 |
| Physiology of higher plants with emphasis on biochemical, cell biological and molecular aspects of how plants function. Unique aspects of regulation of plant metabolism including photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, cell wall biosynthesis, growth and stress responses will be emphasized. The course is intended for students interested in postgraduate studies in plant biology. |
| Course Offerings: fall sprg | WolfWare Info |
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| PB 422 | Plant Physiology Laboratory | 1(1-0-0) S |
| Preq: PB 421 |
| Laboratory to accompany BO 421. Exercises are designed to study plant processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, tropisms, and secondary metabolite accumulation. Basic laboratory procedures in separation and analytical techniques including electrophoresis, chromatography and spectroscopy and at least one library research project will be included. The course is intended for students interested in postgraduate studies in plant biology and in technical positions in plant biology research laboratories. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB 445 | Paleobotany | 4(3-3-0) S (Alt. Yr. Odd) |
| Preq: BIO 181 or MEA 102 |
| Morphologic, taxonomic, geologic and evolutionary relationships of fossil plants; emphasis on vascular plants; discussions of taphonomy, biogeography and palynology. Requires weekend field trips at student expense. Credit will not be allowed for both BO 445 and BO 545. |
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| PB 480 | Introduction to Plant Biotechnology | 3(3-0-0) F,S |
| Preq: CH 221; PB 421 or GN 411 or BCH 451 |
| Introduction to molecular techniques in the plant sciences, gene identification and isolation, plant tissue culture and transformation, and methods for working with single and multiple locus traits. Discussions of the role and potential of plant genetic engineering to solve problems facing agriculture. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | WolfWare Info |
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| PB (BIT) 481 | Plant Tissue Culture and Transformation | 2(2-5-0) S, Alt. yrs.(odd) |
| Preq: BIT 360 or MB 409 or BCH 454 or ZO 480 |
| Basic techniques in plant tissue culture and transformation. Empirical approaches to techniques in plant tissue culture, designing transgenes for expression in specific plant cell organelles and tissues, use of reporter genes to optimize transformation, and troubleshooting transformation. Laboratory sessions provide hands-on experience with plant tissue culture and transformation. Use of reporter genes, fluorescence microscopy and digital imaging. Half semester course, first part. |
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| PB 492 | External Learning Experience | 1-6 F,S |
| Preq: Sophomore standing |
| A learning experience in agriculture and life sciences within an academic framework that utilizes facilities and resources which are external to the campus. Contact and arrangements with prospective employers must be initiated by student and approved by a faculty adviser, the prospective employer, the departmental teaching coordinator and the academic dean prior to the experience. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 495 | Special Topics in Botany | 1-6 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: 8 hrs. of Botany courses |
| Individualized study, under faculty supervision, of botanical topics in the student's area of interest and not covered in existing courses. Development of a new course on a trial basis. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB (MB) (PP) 501 | Biology of Plant Pathogens | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: PP 315, or PP 318, or an introductory course in microbiology |
| Biology of microbes that cause plant diseases. The ecology, genetics, physiology, taxonomy, and mechanisms of parasitism, pathogenicity and virulence of bacteria (and other prokaryotes), fungi (and oomycetes), nematodes, and viruses that cause plant diseases. Prepares graduate students for advanced courses in plant pathology, host-parasite interactions, and provides a knowledge base for students in other disciplines involved with plant pathogens or who seek to broaden their knowledge of microbes. |
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| PB 503 | Systematic Botany | 4(3-3-0) F |
| Preq: PB 200, PB 250, BIO 183, Junior standing |
| The course introduces basic and contemporary systematic principles and methods as applied to vascular plants, with emphasis on flowering plants. It covers classification, identification, phylogenetics, and molecular approaches, and surveys important and common plant families representing major groups of vascular plants. |
| Course Offerings: fall | |
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| PB 544 | Plant Geography | 3(3-0-0) S,Even yrs. |
| Preq: PB 403, PB (ZO) 360, GN 411 |
| Descriptive and interpretive plant geography, synthesizing data from fields of ecology, genetics, geography, paleobotany and taxonomy. Survey of present distribution of major vegetation types throughout world, a discussion of history and developmentof present pattern of vegetation, and discussion of principles and theories of plant geography. |
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| PB 545 | Paleobotany | 4(3-3-0) S,Odd yrs |
| Preq: PB 400, 403, 413, 544, MEA 423 |
| Morphologic, taxonomic, geologic and evolutionary relationships of fossil plants; emphasis on vascular plants; discussions of taphonomy, biogeography and palynology. Required field trips. |
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| PB 565 | Plant Community Ecology | 4(3-3-0) F |
| Preq: PB 360 or ZO 260 |
| Consideration of structure and function of terrestrial vascular plant communities, with emphasis on both classical and recent research. Measurement and description of community properties, classification, ordination, vegetation pattern in relation to environment, ecological succession and a survey of vegetation of North America. |
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| PB (MB) (PP) 575 | Introduction to Mycology | 4(3-3-0) F, Alt. Yr(even) |
| Preq: BIO 125 or BIO 181 & 182 or PB 200 or PP 315 or PP 318 |
| A survey of the fungal kingdom in context of phyla and classes. Systematics, ecology, biology and utilization. Illustrative material, cultural techniques in laboratories. Collection and paper required. |
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| PB 595 | Special Topics Botany | 1-4 |
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| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 601 | Botany Seminar | 1(1-0-0) F,S |
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| Course Offerings: fall sprg | |
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| PB 620 | Special Problems In Botany | 1-4 |
| Directed research in some phase of botany other than a thesis problem, but designed to provide experience and training in research. Credits Arranged. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 624 | Topical Problems | 1-4 F,S |
| Discussions and readings on problems of current interest in fields of ecology, anatomy and morphology, taxonomy, plant physiology and cell biology. May be repeated with a change in topic for a maximum of six credits. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 685 | Master's Supervised Teaching | 1-3 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's student |
| Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 688 | Non-Thesis Masters Continuous Registration - Half Time Registration | 1(1-0-0) F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain half-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 689 | Non-Thesis Master Continuous Registration - Full Time Registration | 3(3-0-0) F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain full-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc. Students may register for this course a maximum of one semester. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 690 | Master's Examination | 1-6 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all other requirements of the degree except preparing for and taking the final master's exam. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 693 | Master's Supervised Research | 1-9 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 695 | Master's Thesis Research | 1-9 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| Thesis Research. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 696 | Summer Thesis Research | 1(1-0-0) SUM |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research. |
| Course Offerings: sum1 | |
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| PB 699 | Master's Thesis Preparation | 1-3 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Master's Student |
| For students who have completed all credit hour requirements and full-time enrollment for the master's degree and are writing and defending their thesis. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 710 | Plant Anatomy | 4(2-6-0) F |
| Preq: PB 200 |
| Study of plant cells, ultrastructure, cell types, tissues, organs and patterns of growth and differentiation. |
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| PB (CS) (HS) 718 | Biological Control of Weeds | 1(1-0-0) F |
| Preq: CS 414 |
| Concepts and methods in use of biological agents for control of weeds. Primary emphasis on weed biocontrol with insects and plant pathogens. Taught third 5 weeks of semester. |
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| PB (GN) (MB) (PP) 730 | Fungal Genetics and Physiology | 3(2-3-0) S. Alt. yrs. |
| Preq: BCH 451, PB 575, GN 411 or PP 501 |
| Basic concepts of genetics and physiology of fungi, with emphasis on saprophytic and plant pathogenic mycelial fungi. Current literature on evolution, cell structure, growth and development, gene expression, metabolism, sexual and asexual reproduction and incompatibility systems. Laboratory exercises on mutant isolation, sexual and parasexual analysis, genetic transformation, and RFLP and isozyme analysis. |
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| PB 733 | Plant Growth and Development | 3(3-0-0) S |
| Preq: PB(ZO) 414 or PB 421, organic chemistry |
| Advanced course in plant physiology covering plant growth, development, differentiation, senescence and biological control mechanisms. |
| Course Offerings: fall | |
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| PB 751 | Advanced Plant Physiology I | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: PB 421 |
| Cellular mechanisms and regulatory features related to plant respiration, photosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, nitrogen fixation and metabolism, and signal transduction. One of two courses covering field of plant physiology. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | WolfWare Info |
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| PB 752 | Advanced Plant Physiology II | 3(3-0-0) S |
| Preq: PB 421 and biochemistry |
| Water and solute relations, influence of environmental cues and plant growth regulators on growth, development, reproduction and senescence, and aspects of stress physiology. One of two courses covering field of plant physiology. |
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| PB 754 | Laboratory in Advanced Plant Physiology II | 1(0-3-0) S |
| Preq: PB 752 |
| Laboratory to accompany BO 552 Advanced Plant Physiology II. |
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| PB (ZO) 760 | Principles of Ecology | 4(3-3-0) F |
| Preq: Three semesters of college-level biology courses |
| Consideration of principles of ecology at graduate level. Development of each of major subject areas of ecology in sufficient depth to provide factual and philosophical framework for understanding of ecology. |
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| PB 761 | Physiological Ecology | 4(3-3-0) S,Odd yrs. |
| Preq: PB 421 and PB (ZO) 760 |
| Plant community approached from a physiological standpoint. Emphasis upon individual in community and its response to its immediate environment on short- and long-term bases. |
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| PB 762 | Applied Coastal Ecology | 3(3-0-0) S,Alt. Yrs. |
| Preq: PB(ZO) 360 or PB(ZO) 760 |
| Environmental factors, vegetative communities and man's influence on ecology of Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Emphasis on coastal fringe (Outer Banks) and the problems involved in Coastal Zone Management. Course field- and problem-oriented and designed primarily for graduate students in environmentally oriented programs. Two field trips mandatory. |
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| PB (ZO) 770 | Advanced Topics In Ecology I | 3(3-0-0) S |
| Preq: BO(ZO)760 |
| Development of subject matter in major fields of ecology through seminars and lectures and principles illustrated by laboratory exercises and field trips. Microenvironment, population biology, community ecology, ecosystems and nutrient cycling. |
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| PB (MB) 774 | Phycology | 3(1-4-0) S,Odd Yrs. |
| Preq: BIO 125 or PB 200 |
| Introduction to taxonomy, morphology, reproduction and ecological importance of organisms which may be included in the algae. Attention to local freshwater flow and physiology of selected species in relation to algal blooms, water quality and nutrient loading in aquatic habitats. |
| Course Offerings: sprg | |
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| PB (MB) 775 | The Fungi | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: PB 200 |
| Overview of the fungi within framework of a survey of major classes. |
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| PB (MB) 776 | The Fungi - Lab | 1(0-3-0) F |
| Preq: PB 775 |
| Illustrative material of fungal assemblages discussed in BO 775. |
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| PB 780 | Plant Molecular Biology | 3(3-0-0) F |
| Preq: BCH 451, GN 411 |
| Molecular analysis of plant growth and development. Molecular techniques and their application to understanding control of gene expression in plants. |
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| PB 795 | Special Topics Botany | 1-4 F,S |
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| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 801 | Seminar | 1(1-0-0) F,S |
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| Course Offerings: fall sprg | |
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| PB 820 | Special Problems | 1-4 |
| Directed research in some phase of botany other than a thesis problem, but designed to provide experience and training in research. Credits Arranged. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 824 | Topical Problems | 1-4 F,S |
| Discussions and readings on problems of current interest in fields of ecology, anatomy and morphology, taxonomy, plant physiology and cell biology. May be repeated with a change in topic for a maximum of six credits. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 885 | Doctoral Supervised Teaching | 1-3 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Doctoral Student |
| Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 890 | Doctoral Preliminary Examination | 1-9 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Doctoral Student |
| For students who are preparing for and taking written and/or oral preliminary exams. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 893 | Doctoral Supervised Research | 1-9 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Doctoral student |
| Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 895 | Doctoral Dissertation Research | 1-9 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Doctoral student |
| Dissertation Research |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |
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| PB 896 | Summer Dissertation Research | 1(1-0-0) Sum |
| Preq: Doctoral Student |
| For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research. |
| Course Offerings: sum1 sum2 | |
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| PB 899 | Doctoral Dissertation Preparation | 1-3 F,S,Sum |
| Preq: Doctoral Student |
| For students who have completed all credit hours, full-time enrollment, preliminary examination, and residency requirements for the doctoral degree, and are writing and defending their dissertations. |
| Course Offerings: fall sum1 sum2 sprg | |