NC State Course Catalog

FOR- Forestry

FOR 110	Introduction to Forestry	UNITS: 2 - Offered in Fall Only
Overview of the history and policies of forestry, the basis of forest management, the impact of forestry on nature and society, and the opportunities of a career in forestry.



FOR 150	Professional Development I: Critical Thinking in Natural Resources	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Techniques of critical thinking applied to a broad range of natural resource and forestry issues.



FOR 172	Forest System Mapping and Mensuration I	UNITS: 2 - Offered in Fall Only
Concepts and application of basic forest and land resource measurement techniques used in forestry and related fields. Measuring distances and areas; orienteering; basic air photo and topographic map interpretation; introduction to GPS; measuring tree characteristics; introduction to forest sampling. Application of spreadsheets and word processing to analyze and summarize resource characteristics. Field trip required.



FOR (WPS) 202	Wood Anatomy and Properties	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Formation, anatomy and properties of wood. Structural features of softwoods and hardwoods and the relationships among anatomy, physiology, physical and mechanical properties. Variability, naturally occurring defects, and wood deterioration are discussed and related to wood utilization. Techniques on hand lens and microscopic identification of wood.



FOR 204	Silviculture	UNITS: 2 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: Summer camp eligibility
Silvical characteristics and growth requirements of forest trees; dynamics of stand growth, species-site relationships, site productivity, forest pest interactions, hydrology and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems; emphasis on understanding and applying ecological principles to the production of multiple benefits at the forest community level.



FOR 220	Urban and Community Forestry	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Introduction to the interdisciplinary study of urban forestry and greenspaces. Study of urban forest history, distribution and ownership patterns, urban ecology and ecosystems, benefits and uses of urban forests, vegetation establishment and maintenance, urban planning and policy, community interactions, urban forestry implementation.



FOR (BIO) (FW) 221	Conservation of Natural Resources	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Importance of natural resources and their role in human environment. Physical, biological and ecological principles underlying sustainability of natural resources with attention to consequences of human impacts while meeting society needs.



FOR 248	Forest History, Technology and Society	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall and Spring
Examining forest resource use and issues throughout history. Tracing developments and concepts that created the context for today's issues concerning global forest resources. Examining how wood resource availability shaped civilization's development, and examining consequences on forest resources of civilization's scientific, social, and technological progress.



FOR 250	Professional Development II: Communications in Natural Resources	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Development of written and oral communication skills for forestry and natural resources management. Discussion topics include interactive communication, writing to a target audience, common pitfalls in technical writing, various kinds of technical writing, poster and oral presentations, reviewing and revising writing, and responding to questions in a professional manner.



FOR 252	Introduction to Forest Science	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Integration of biological principles into studies of tree growth, reproduction, establishment, survival, and disturbance. Discussions of regional silviculture and of effects of humans on forest ecosystems. Instruction in forest sampling and tree identification. Many laboratories meet outdoors.Not open to Forest Management majors.



FOR 260	Forest Ecology	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Introduction to forest ecosystems, their structure, and the processes that regulate them including: radiation, temperature, water, and biogeochemistry; productivity; plant populations; structure and function of forest communities; succession; wind and fire; and human influences.



FOR 261	Forest Communities	UNITS: 2 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: FOR 212 or BO 220 or BO 403
Study of the species composition, distribution, site requirements, and succession of the principal forest communities of southeastern North America. Identification of important member plant species. Field trips to typical examples.



FOR 264	Forest Wildlife	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: Summer camp eligibility
Diversity of fauna that inhabits forest communities in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Inventory terrestrial and aquatic habitats and identify various vertebrate and invertebrate species. Insect collection initiated. The life histories of representative species presented.



FOR 265	Fire Management	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: Summer camp eligibility
Effects of wildfire and prescribed fire on forest ecosystem components and processes; fire behavior and the ecosystem and meterologic factors that affect it; silvicultural uses of fire; organization, equipment, and tactics for wildfire suppression; fire suppression exercises on the North Carolina Division of Forest Resources' Forest Fire Simulator.



FOR 273	Forest System Mapping and Mensuration II	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: FOR 172
Procedures and Instruments for measuring various tree and stand characteristics. Determination of stem volume and taper. Planning and implementation of forest resource samples to provide population estimates using fixed-radius and variable-radius sampling. Detailed coverage of land measurements and mapping of boundary surveys. Use of aerial photography, topographic maps, and GPS to aid in resource assessment. Incorporation of inventory data into a GIS. Basic statistical concepts applied to resource measurements. Taught off-campus at Hill Forest.



FOR 280	Evolution of Forest machinery and Systems	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Introduction to forest resources operations and machinery. Historical account of the volution of mechanized forest operations: harvesting, inwood transport, processing, hauling, site preparation, planting, forest land maintenance, nursery and seed orchard machines. Discussion of current and future machines for forest harvest and regeneration.



FOR 291	Independent Study in Forestry	UNITS: 1-6 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Detailed investigation of forestry topics of interest to undergraduates under faculty direction on a tutorial basis. Credit and content determined by faculty member in consultation with Undergraduate Program Director or Department Head.



FOR 295	Special Topics in Forestry	UNITS: 1-6 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Study of forestry topics not covered in existing courses at the introductory level. Development of a new course on a trial basis.



FOR 303	Silvics and Forest Tree Physiology	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: CH 101 and (CH 201/202 or PY 211)
Ecological and physiological processes influencing establishment, growth, and development of forest stands with particular emphasis on forest types of Southeastern United States; influence of resource availability on forest stand productivity; physical and biochemical processes associated with tree function, including water relations, mineral nutrition, transport and translocation, photosynthesis, respiration; internal and environmental factors regulating tree growth and development.



FOR 304	Theory of Silviculture	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 260 or BO 360
Ecological processes affecting the establishment and growth of forest stands with particular emphasis on forest types of the Southeastern United States. Forest stand productivity, how productivity is influenced by site, stand, climatic factors, and the application of site specific prescriptions to establish and manipulate the composition, growth, and health of forest stands.



FOR (PP) 318	Forest Pathology	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: PB 200
Major diseases of forest trees and deterioration of wood products emphasizing principles of plant pathology; diagnosis; nature, physiology, ecology, and dissemination of disease-causing agents; mechanisms of pathogenesis; epidemiology and environmental influences; principles and practices of control.



FOR 319	Forest Economics	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: ARE 201 or EC 205
Economic approaches for evaluating the production and costs of forest management, timber harvesting activities, and nontimber forest products. Estimating the financial returns of long-term investments in timber or other forest resources, including discounted cash flow analysis and capital budgeting techniques. Property taxes and income tax treatment of timber and their effects on investment returns. Demand estimation and timber supply analyses.



FOR 330	North Carolina Forests	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall and Spring
An introduction and overview of forests in North Carolina with emphasis on the importance of forests in the 21st century. Topics include: history and distribution of forests, soils-sit relationships, forestry practices, non-conventional management objectives. Two required Saturday field trips.



FOR 334	Operations Research Applications in Natural Resources	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall Only
Introduction to the application and use of management science in forestry and natural resources. The course will introduce decision and information theory and mathematical programming techniques including linear, non-linear and integer programming concepts. The emphasis is on problem formulation and solution using computer programs. Half semester course.



FOR 339	Dendrology	UNITS: 4
Identification and elementary silvics of woody plants of eastern North America with studies of their classification, characteristics, and habitats. Consideration of trees from northern and western North America and the Caribbean region. Field identification with trips to forest communities.



FOR 350	Professional Development III: Ethical Dilemmas in Natural Resource Management	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Junior standing
Study of ethical issues confronting natural resource management professionals, including: biodiversity conservation, private property rights, traditional religion and ecological values, community rights, environmental racism, hunting and animal rights, business ethics, and the purpose and content of professional codes of ethics.



FOR 353	Air Photo Interpretation and Photogrammetry	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: MA 114
Theory, principles, and techniques of utilizing air photos for inventory and management of renewable resources, photogrammetric and engineering applications, hydrologic and terrain analysis, and land use/cover mapping. Introduction to remote sensing and use of color infrared, thermal, Skylab, and Lands at imagery in resource mapping.



FOR 374	Forest Measurement, Modeling, and Inventory	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: MA 121, MA 114, FOR 273, ST 311
Mathematical functions required for quantifying the yield of timber and non-timber products. Procedures for planning, conducting, and analyzing forest inventories. Use of mathematical models to estimate growth and yield of forest stands and non-timber products for management decisions.



FOR (ENT) 402	Forest Entomology	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Junior standing
Fundamentals of morphology, classification, biology, ecology and control of insects attacking trees, with emphasis on silvicultural practices.



FOR (FW) 404	Forest Wildlife Management	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: 9 hrs Biological Sciences
Relationships between forest and wildlife management and the effects of silvicultural systems on wildlife. Species-habitat requirements, forest wildlife management techniques, and forest-wildlife policies and economics.



FOR 405	Forest Management	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: FOR 304, FOR 319, FOR 374
Fundamental principles and analytical techniques necessary in the planning, management and optimization of forest operations. Formulation of objectives and constraints, yield forecasting, forest regulation, procurement and marketing, inventory methods, and management plan preparation. Written and oral reporting.



FOR 406	Forest Inventory, Analysis and Planning	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 405, FOR 460
Independent project in designing and implementing a multi-resource survey; analyze stand conditions; forecast growth, yield and revenue of timber and forest products; use linear programming to prepare a long-term management plan subject to economic,social, and ecological constraints; assess economic and environmental impacts of potential actions; and report results orally and in writing.



FOR 411	Forest Tree Genetics and Biology	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Junior standing or Senior standing with a biological background
Genetics as it is applied in forest management for both conifers and hardwoods. The variation, evolution and genetics of forest trees. Methods for selection, breeding, seed production, and vegetative propagation. Exotics, wood properties, and tree improvement as a forest management tool.



FOR 413	Paper Prop and Add	UNITS: 4




FOR 414	World Forestry	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Management of global forest resources; distribution and trends in forest cover; role of forests in economic development; international production and trade of forest products; current policy issues, including tropical deforestation, certification, and carbon sequestration; social forestry and non-timber forest products; international institutions and aid for conservation and development; identification and evaluation of sources of current information on global forestry issues.



FOR 415	World Forestry Study Tour	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Corequisite: FOR 414
Field trip to Mexico and/or Central America for seven days over spring break. Examine tropical forestry issues through field visits to timber concessions, plantations, nurseries, wood products firms, protected areas, and agroforestry projects; meetings with representatives of forest research institutes, government agencies, timber industry, cooperatives, and environmental organizations; and interaction with local people. Fee for field trip determined annually.Offered during spring break, as aone week field trip to Mexico and/or Central America.



FOR (NR) 420	Watershed and Wetlands Hydrology	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: SSC 200, BO 360
Principles of hydrologic science; classification and assessment of watersheds and stream networks; hydrologic, erosion, and water quality processes in natural and managed watersheds; wetlands hydrology; hydrologic measurements and data analysis; applications of hydrology and water quality management for forest agriculture, and urban ecosystems; watershed restoration. Emphasis field study of watersheds and hydrologic measurements. Two weekend field trips are required. Credit will not be given for both FOR(NR)420 and FOR(NR)520.



FOR 422	Consulting Forestry	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: Senior standing in Forest Management
Forest land acquisition and ownership: ownership, appraisal, legal considerations, financial management and planning. Producing forest resources: timber, wildlife, recreation, farm products, water, minerals, specialty products, and development. Marketing forest resources: timber, recreation, farm leases, minerals, specialty products, and developed property. Forest resources consulting: forms of organization, pricing of services, consultant client relationships (Law of Agency), professional ethics and continuing education.



FOR (WPS) 423	Forest Machinery and Systems	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: Junior standing in FOM, BE, WP
Applications of engineering principles to problems in forest operations: power sources; testing; rating and capabilities of forest machinery; power requirements and utilization efficiencies; effects of vehicle design parameters on stability, safety, and operation under load; traction devices and vehicle mechanics.



FOR (BIO) 423	Introduction to Fisheries Sciences Laboratory	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall Only
Corequisite: FW/BIO 420
General anatomy and identification of common freshwater, estuarine and marine fish, functional morphology, age and growth analyses, fish health and diets. Computer analyses of bioenergetic and population dynamics.



FOR 434	Forest Operations and Analysis	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: MA 114, MA 121, ST 311 and FOR 319
Management science and operational techniques in forestry. Logging road layout and construction, and machine systems: harvesting machine optimization and selection. Harvesting, production and forest planning. Decision and inventory theory, and other techniques for solving problems typically encountered in forest operations management. Required overnight weekend field trip.



FOR 444	Wood Procurement Management	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 374 and FOR 319
Market structure and behavior for wood product raw materials. Evaluation of alternative procurement strategies and introduction to the legal and business principles important in the wood products trade. Practice in appraising multi-product tracts and in predicting future raw material availability. Includes visits to a range of manufacturing facilities and procurement organizations. Required all-day field trips held one week prior to the start of the semester.



FOR 450	Professional Development IV: Leadership	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Junior standing
Concepts and applications of leadership principles with emphasis on leadership challenges and opportunities for professionals in natural resources management. Assessment and development of leadership skills.



FOR (FW) 485	Natural Resources Advocacy	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: ENG 333: JR or SR level with at least 10 hrs. of Biology
Analysis of natural resources problems as they affect management agencies and user groups. Emphasis on professional attitudes, policies, and communication skills needed for management of sensitive natural resource issues. Guest professionals sharing their perspectives on dealing effectively with natural resource clientele groups. Student discussions, team projects, technical presentations citing popular articles on natural resources subjects.



FOR 490	Senior Seminar in Forestry	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: Senior standing
Attend departmental or university seminars or group discussions weekly to enrich and broaden student perspectives. Oral or written summaries of these seminars.



FOR (NR) 491	Special Topics in Forestry and Related Natural Resources	UNITS: 1-4 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring
Independent (or group) study or research of a forestry or related natural resources topic with a faculty supervisor of the student's choice. Also courses offered on a trial basis.



FOR 501	Dendrology	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: PB 200
Identification and natural history of eastern woody species with studies of their taxonomic classification, physical characteristics, and typical habits. Laboratories stress sight recognition and use of identification keys and trips to natural forest communities.



FOR 502	Forest Measurements	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall Only
One-third semester mini-course. Forest measurements covering principles, terminology, and practical field applications. Land area measurement, units of timber measure (cubic feet, cords, weight, board feet), estimating volume of standing trees, sampling techniques for forest inventory (strips, plots, points), measures of site quality and stand density, methods for projecting future timber volumes.



FOR 503	Tree Physiology	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: Graduate standing
One-third semester mini-course. Fundamental principles of physiological processes in forest trees affecting tree and stand growth and development in natural forests and managed plantations. Concepts of whole plant physiological processes includingphotosynthesis, respiration, water relations, nutrition, periodic growth, sexual and vegetative reproduction, and seedling quality with forestry examples of each process.



FOR 505	Forest Management	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only
Fundamental principles and analytical techniques necessary in planning, management and optimization of forest operations. Formulation of objectives and constraints, yield forecasting, forest regulation, procurement and marketing, inventory methods,and management plan preparation. Written and oral reporting.Credit not allowed for both FOR 505 and FOR 405



FOR 506	Timber Investment Analysis	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall Only
One-third semester mini-course. Concepts and techniques for evaluating profitability of long-term timber investments. Discounted cash flow analysis and measures of profitability such as net present value and internal rate of return. Identification of biological and market variables affecting profitability. Introduction to tax treatment of timber income, including financial incentives provided through tax system.



FOR 507	Silviculture Mini Course	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
One-third semester mini-course. A condensed version of silviculture. Ecological processed affecting establishment and growth of forest stands with particular emphasis on forest types of southeastern United States. Forest stand productivity, how productivity influenced by site, stand, climatic factors, and application of site specific prescriptions to establish and manipulate composition, growth, and health of forest stands.



FOR 509	Forest Resource Policy	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
One-third semester mini-course. Principles of forest policies and processes. Political processes, institutional and interest group participation, forestry laws and programs, current issues, and policy analyses.



FOR 510	Introduction to GPS	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Fall and Spring
One-third semester mini-course. Introduction to collection and use of mapping grade global positioning satellite systems data. Includes review of cartographic properties, mission planning, hands-on collection of GPS points, lines, and areas, differential correction, editing, and exporting GPS files to a GIS.



FOR 513	Silviculture for Intensively Managed Plantations	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: FOR 507
This course provides an up-to-date understanding of the ecological and physiological bases of forest stand productivity and a silvicultural systems framework to use this knowledge for making site specific prescriptions that are cost effective and environmentally sustainable.



FOR 519	Forest Economics	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Basic course in economics
Economics applied to problems in forest management, including timber demand and supply models, optimal rotation length, benefit-cost analysis of forestry projects, impacts of forest taxation and consideration of non-market forest goods and services.



FOR (NR) 520	Watershed and Wetlands Hydrology	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: SSC 200, BO 360
Principles of hydrologic science; classification and assessment of watersheds and stream networks; hydrologic, erosion, and water quality processes in natural and managed watersheds; wetlands hydrology; hydrologic measurements and data analysis; applications of hydrology and water quality management for forest, agriculture, and urban ecosystems; watershed restoration. Field study of watersheds and hydrologic measurements. Two weekend field trips required. Credit for both FOR(NR) 420 and FOR(NR) 520 is not allowed.



FOR 522	Consulting Forestry	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: Graduate standing
Forest land acquisition and ownership: ownership, appraisal, legal considerations, financial management and planning. Producing forest resources: timber, wildlife, recreation, farm products, water, minerals, specialty products, and development. Marketing forest resources: timber, recreation, farm leases, minerals, specialty products, and developed property. Forest resources consulting: forms of organization, pricing of services, consultant client relationships (Law of Agency), professional ethics and continuing education. To receive graduate credit, a student must write a term paper on a topic mutually agreed upon with the instructor.Credit for both FOR 422 and FOR 522 is not allowed.



FOR 534	Forest Operations and Analysis	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Management science and operational techniques in forestry. Road layout, construction, and machine systems: harvesting machine optimization and selection. Harvesting, production and forest planning. Linear programming, queuing, decision and inventory theory, and other techniques for solving problems typically encountered in forest operations management. Credit not allowed for both FOR 534 and FOR 434.



FOR (NR) 536	Introduction to Visual Basic for GIS	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: PRT 462 or NR 531
Methods, principles, syntax, logic and language elements associated with creating and running Visual Basic and VB for applications programs. Learn the VB programming environment, interface tools, ArcObjects and MapObjects. Basic language elements include data types and definitions, arrays, user defined data structures, event structures, decision structures, loops, error handlers, special effects, modules, procedures, string processing, databases and connecting to Microsoft Office, GIS and GPS applications.



FOR 540	Advanced Dendrology	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: BO 403 or FOR 212
Identification and life histories of native and naturalized woody plants. Use of taxonomic manuals and literature. Identification of problematic groups. Concentration on North America, with discussion of other continents. Overnight field trips to natural forest communities.



FOR 554	Principles of Spatial Analysis	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Principles and techniques for utilizing spatial information in natural resource inventory and analysis. Interpretation of conventional aerial photographs, principles of photogrammetry, sources of spatial data layers, and introductions to non-photographic remote sensing and digital photogrammetry.



FOR 561	Forest Communities of the Southeastern Coastal Plain	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: FOR 212, FOR 501
Species composition, distribution, site requirements, and succession of principal forest communities of southeastern Coastal Plain. Identification of important member plant species. Overnight field trips to typical examples.



FOR 562	Forest Communities of the Southern Appalachians	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: FOR 212, FOR 501
Species composition, distribution, site requirements, and succession of principal forest communities of southern Appalachians. Identification of important member plant species. Overnight field trips to typical examples.



FOR 575	Advanced Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only
Views organisms and physical environment as integrated system. Outlines processes governing assimilation and cycling of energy, carbons, nutrients, and water. Evaluates ecosystem responses to intensive management, global climate change, air pollution, biofuels production, fragmentation, large-scale land use change. Illustrates application of ecosystem science approach to important regional and global questions through scaling of empirical, ecosystem-level data, ongoing research. Provides experience in hypothesis testing and experimental design, data analysis and interpretation, proposal development, and publication for research professionals. Graduate Standing.



FOR (CS) (SSC) 577	Conservation and Sustainable Development I: Concepts and Method	UNITS: 3
Agronomic, ecological and economic concepts of sustainability, with emphasis on application in developing countries; forest, soil and wildlife resources; models in conservation biology; historical, cultural and sociological perspectives; policy analysis. Offered as part of the program of the Center for World Environment and Sustainable Development.



FOR 583	Tropical Forestry	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: Senior standing
Principles of tropical ecology, dendrology and agroforestry. Primary emphasis on establishment and management of tropical plantations with lesser emphasis on natural stands. Operation and management of tropical nurseries.



FOR (FW) 585	Advanced Wildlife Habitat Management	UNITS: 3
Prerequisite: ZO(FW) 553 and ZO(FW) 554
Discussion and evaluation about assessing and modeling habitat capability for wildlife species. Student development of models of habitat requirements for wildlife species and integration of models into wildlife management plans. Laboratory exercisesinclude manipulation of habitat management computer packages and development of a wildlife management plan.



FOR 595	Special Topics	UNITS: 1-6 - Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Individual students or groups of students, under direction of a faculty member, may explore topics of special interest not covered by existing courses. Format may consist of readings and independent study, problems or research not related to thesis.Also used to develop and test new 500-level courses.



FOR 601	Graduate Seminar	UNITS: 1 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: FOR 420, ST 512
Weekly seminar in which students registered for course present the results of research and special projects. Invitation to all graduate students and faculty in department to attend and join discussion.



FOR (FW) 602	Seminar In Wildlife Management	UNITS: 1 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only
Current topics and issues in wildlife biology and management. Students select and research topics, give seminars and lead group discussions.



FOR 603	Research Methods in Forestry and Environmental Resources	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Graduate standing
Philosophy and objectives of scientific research and steps in the research process. Basic and applied research, inductive and deductive reasoning and need for hypothesis development and testing as a basis for scientific research. Special emphasis onpreparation of study plans, graduate theses, published articles and technical presentations.



FOR 608	Forest Management and Planning	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Graduate standing
One-third semester mini-course. Forest management involves acquisition of land or forest management rights, long-term management of land and associated resources, and production and delivery of commodities and services produced on the land and the dynamics of these processes.



FOR 610	Special Topics In Forestry	UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Individual students or groups of students, under direction of a faculty member, may explore topics of special interest not covered by existing courses. Format may consist of readings and independent study, problems or research not related to thesis.Also used to develop and test new 500-level courses.Credits Arranged.



FOR 615	Advanced Topics In Forestry	- Offered in Fall and Spring
Individual students or groups of students, under direction of a faculty member, may explore topics of special interest not covered by existing courses. Format may consist of readings and independent study, problems or research not related to dissertation. Also used to develop and test new 600-level courses.



FOR 680	Field Practicum in Tropical Forestry	UNITS: 2 - Offered in Summer
Principles of tropical forest protection and management through case studies. Participants will travel to a tropical region outside the United States for two weeks of intensive field studies. Topics: balancing economic growth with environmental protection, industrial forestry, protection forestry, projects and organizations, policy issues.



FOR 685	Master's Supervised Teaching	UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment.



FOR 688	Non-Thesis Masters Continuous Registration - Half Time Registration	UNITS: 1 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain half-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc.



FOR 689	Non-Thesis Master Continuous Registration - Full Time Registration	UNITS: 3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
For students in non-thesis master's programs who have completed all credit hour requirements for their degree but need to maintain full-time continuous registration to complete incomplete grades, projects, final master's exam, etc. Students may register for this course a maximum of one semester.



FOR 690	Master's Examination	UNITS: 1-6 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
For students in non thesis master's programs who have completed all other requirements of the degree except preparing for and taking the final master's exam.



FOR 693	Master's Supervised Research	UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty.



FOR 695	Master's Thesis Research	UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
Thesis research.



FOR 696	Summer Thesis Research	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research.



FOR 699	Master's Thesis Preparation	UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Prerequisite: Master's student
For students who have completed all credit hour requirements and full-time enrollment for the master's degree and are writing and defending their theses.



FOR 701	Advanced Hydrology	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 420, ST 512
The physical concepts of water movement through hydrologic cycle and interactions with ecosystem components. Mathematical approaches to characterizing and quantifying hydrologic processes derived and applied to problem solutions. Discussion and utilization of experimental design and statistics needed for collecting and analyzing hydrologic data. Development and use of simulation models.



FOR 713	Advanced Topics In Silviculture	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: FOR 304
Critical examination of selected silvicultural topics, with special emphasis on concepts and phenomena distinguishing forests from other biotic communities and silviculture from other fields of applied biology. Emphasis on intensive silviculture in United States and selected international locations. A required written research proposal.



FOR (GN) 725	Forest Genetics	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
P:GN 311
Application of genetic principles to silviculture, management and wood utilization. Emphasis on variation in wild populations, the bases for selection of desirable qualities and fundamentals of controlled breeding.



FOR (GN) 726	Advanced Topics In Quantitative Genetics	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: GN(FOR) 725, GN(ST) 770 or GN(ANS) 713
Advanced topics in statistics and population genetics pertinent to current research problems in genetics with special applications to forestry. Basic statistical and genetic theory reviewed as bases for intensive study of selection theory and experimental and mating design evaluation. Study of genetics of natural populations for evolutionary interest as well as for their implications to breeding theory.



FOR 727	Tree Improvement Research Techniques	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 411 or GN 411
Research methods involved in forest tree breeding and genetics programs. Emphasis on laboratory, greenhouse and field research techniques. Stress also on summary and presentation of research results.



FOR 728	Quantitative Forest Genetics Methods	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: GN 703, ST 701
Applications of basic quantitative genetic methods in forest tree breeding and genetic research. Principles and procedures for partitioning experimental variance, estimating genetic parameters from different mating and test designs. Predicting breeding value and gain and developing breeding strategies.



FOR 733	Forest Ecosystem Analysis	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 505 or FOR 501
History, principles, mathematical formulations and solution techniques used in forest ecosystem analysis and decision making: Temporal and spatial analysis; aggregation/disaggregation problems; optimization; hierarchical and analysis methods.



FOR 734	Advanced Forest Management Planning	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: FOR 405 or FOR 434 or OR 501, Corequisite: FOR 772
History, principles, structures and use of modern forest management planning and decision-making techniques. Emphasis on optimization procedures and public forest management.



FOR 750	Ecological Restoration	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Even Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: BO 360, SSC 200, Corequisite: BO 565
Historical bases and philosophical examination of concepts of ecosystem restoration. Mechanics of restoring soils, hydrology, plant community composition and structure, and landscape levels ecosystem functions. Quantitative evaluations of restoration success.



FOR 753	Environmental Remote Sensing	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: FOR 353
Principles and applications of remote sensing technology to earth resources and environmental studies. Electromagnetic energy, data acquisition platforms, sensors and scanners, processing of digital remotely sensed data, error analysis and accuracyassessments, and integration of remotely sensed data with other data types used in natural resource management.



FOR (ENT) 765	Advanced Forest Entomology	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: ENT 402 or ENT 502
Coverage of the important insect pests of forest and shade trees including regeneration pests, defoliating insects, inner-bark borers, wood borers, sucking insects, and bud, twig and root feeding insects. Detailed examination of concepts in forest pest management and population dynamics.



FOR 772	Forest and Renewable Resource Policies on the Public Lands	UNITS: 1 - Offered Alternate Odd Years, Offered in Spring Only
History, development and current status of policies relating to forest management on public lands. Agencies include Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, and Bureau of Land Management.



FOR (SSC) 773	Forest Productivity: Edaphic Relationships	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: BO(ZO)760
Advanced ecophysiological consideration of forest stand productivity and how influenced by resource availability, genetics and their interactions. This knowledge used as a foundation to discuss the influence of natural stresses, silvicultural treatments and other anthropogenic disturbances on forest productivity.



FOR 774	Topics In Forest Modeling	UNITS: 3 - Offered Alternate Years, Offered in Fall Only
Prerequisite: MA 121, ST 311
Development and use of quantitative models in forestry. Mathematical modeling and parameter estimation, tree growth and stand development, wildlife habitat and population dynamics, modeling amenity outputs. Emphasis on underlying biological and mensurational assumptions and their impact on applicability and analysis.



FOR (SSC) 782	Silviculture and Management Of Forest Plantations In the Tropics	UNITS: 3 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Graduate standing
Establishment and management of forest tree plantations in the tropics and subtropics. Genetic adaptability of trees used as exotics, establishment and management of tree improvement programs, tree harvesting, wood manufacturing, gene conservation and maintaining site productivity.



FOR 784	The Practice Of Environmental Impact Assessment	UNITS: 4 - Offered in Fall Only
Impact assessment principles, practices and their evolution. Lectures and field practicums concerning problems addressed by environmental assessment practitioners. Practical implications of current regulatory requirements, especially concerning endangered species and wetlands, as they affect environmental practitioners' performance. Required reports combine varied technical tasks and documentation for regulatory process review.



FOR 795	Advanced Special Topics in Forestry	UNITS: 1-3 - Offered in Fall and Spring
Individual students or groups of students, under direction of a faculty member, may explore topics of special interest not covered by existing courses. Format may consist of readings and independent study, problems or research not related to thesis.Also used to develop and test new 700-level courses.



FOR 801	Seminar	UNITS: 1 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Weekly seminar in which students registered for course present the results of research and special projects. Invitation to all graduate students and faculty in department to attend and join discussion.



FOR 803	Seminar In Forest Research	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Spring Only
Prerequisite: Grad. standing
Philosophy and objectives of scientific research and steps in the research process. Basic and applied research, inductive and deductive reasoning and need for hypothesis development and testing as a basis for scientific research. Special emphasis onpreparation of study plans, graduate theses, published articles and technical presentations.



FOR 810	Special Topics In Forestry	UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall Spring Summer
Individual students or groups of students, under direction of a faculty member, may explore topics of special interest not covered by existing courses. Format may consist of readings and independent study, problems or research not related to thesis.Also used to develop and test new 800-level courses.



FOR 815	Advanced Special Topics in Forestry	- Offered in Fall and Spring
Individual students or groups of students, under direction of a faculty member, may explore topics of special interest not covered by existing courses. Format may consist of readings and independent study, problems or research not related to dissertation. Also used to develop and test new 800-level courses.Credits Arranged.



FOR 885	Doctoral Supervised Teaching	UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: Doctoral student
Teaching experience under the mentorship of faculty who assist the student in planning for the teaching assignment, observe and provide feedback to the student during the teaching assignment, and evaluate the student upon completion of the assignment.



FOR 890	Doctoral Preliminary Exam	UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: Doctoral student
For students who are preparing for and taking written and/or oral preliminary exams.



FOR 893	Doctoral Supervised Research	UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: Doctoral student
Instruction in research and research under the mentorship of a member of the Graduate Faculty.



FOR 895	Doctoral Dissertation Research	UNITS: 1-9 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: Doctoral student
Dissertation research.



FOR 896	Summer Dissertation Research	UNITS: 1 - Offered in Summer
Prerequisite: Doctoral student
For graduate students whose programs of work specify no formal course work during a summer session and who will be devoting full time to thesis research.



FOR 899	Doctoral Dissertation Preparation	UNITS: 1-3 - No Course Evaluation, Offered in Fall and Spring
Prerequisite: Doctoral student
For students who have completed all credit hour, full-time enrollment, preliminary examination, and residency requirements for the doctoral degree, and are writing and defending their dissertations.